Purdue Extension

Farms & Agribusiness - Soils & Fertility

alternate text here Product Code: ID-179

Please E-mail to be notified when the 2024 Corn & Soybean Field Guide is  More...

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Please E-mail to be notified when the 2024 Corn & Soybean Field Guide is  More...

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The new fourth edition of this guide contains 324 pages of information for forage and livestock producers and the agricultural industries that serve them. This new edition features updates and changes throughout, includi  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: ID-317-25BX
This is a box of 25 copies of our popular in-field reference. The fourth edition of this pocket-size, in-field reference provides information for forage and livestock producers and the agricultural industries that serve  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-379-W
Sulfur deficiency is occurring more frequently in Indiana and Michigan field crops due to decreased sulfur deposition from the atmosphere, increased crop removal due to higher yields, and adoption of cropping practices t  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-9-32-W
In this cooperative effort, Extension experts from The Ohio State University, Michigan State University, and Purdue University revamp the original Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat and Alfalf  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: PPP-14
Indiana law requires fertilizer applicators to become certified. Commercial applicators of agricultural fertilizers, as well as individual applicators of manure from confined feeding operations (CFOs), are subject to thi  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-355-W

This publication briefly describes the benefits of growing cover crops on prevented planting acres and provides guidance for selecting and seeding cover crops on these acres.

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The recipe in this document provides an introductory approach to integrating a cover crop into a corn-soybean rotation. Planting a cover crop ahead of a soybean cash crop is often the easiest way to introduce cover cr  More...

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The recipe in this document provides an introductory approach to integrating a cover crop into a corn-soybean rotation. Often the easiest place to begin is to plant a cover crop ahead of a soybean cash crop following  More...

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This field book is a condensed version of Indiana Soils: Evaluation for Agriculture and Home Sites, which is the basic publication for teaching soil science and conducting soil judging contests.

The intent for  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-368-W

Soil testing is an integral part of a soil fertility management program. Effective soil testing provides information on the fertility status of soils within a field that can be used for making fertilizer or lime appli  More...

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This publication describes four common laboratory soil health tests that we evaluated. The publication also discusses the challenges of using these tests in Indiana croplands.

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In recent years, high-clearance fertilizer application equipment make it feasible to apply nitrogen (N) fertilizer to corn later in the growing season. This publication explores the potential uses of late-season N app  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-363-W

This publication provides four basic strategies to help improve the health of your soil: (1) Practice no-tillage or strip-tillage, (2) Add more crops to your rotation, (3) include cover crops, and (4) manage nutrient  More...

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The Indian Creek watershed project focused on improving water quality in a small agricultural watershed in central Illinois. The project encouraged local landowners to voluntarily adopt conservation practices and systems  More...
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There is no single and universal answer to the question of how and when to apply P fertilizers. However, this publication does propose four basic P application management tips.

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-354-W

This publication is a checklist of things growers should do as they plan for using cover crops in their operation. It is a companion to Managing Cover Crops: An Introduction to Integrating Cover Crops Into a Corn-Soyb  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-352-W

This publication is an introduction to cover crops — it describes cover crop benefits, how to select appropriate covers, common seeding methods, and how to terminate them. It is a companion to Managing Cover Cro  More...

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This publication outlines an introductory approach to integrating cover crops into a corn-soybean cropping system and is intended to help farmers who are new to growing cover crops. It also offers a basic cover crop r  More...

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Plants obtain nearly all their nutrients from the soil, but not all the nutrients present in the soil are accessible to plants. That's because soil pH affects the form and, therefore, solubility of nutrients. This public  More...
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Soil pH is important because it affects the availability of nutrients a plant needs to grow and thrive. This publication explains when lowering soil pH is important for commercial producers and recommends practices to sa  More...
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For many years, N recommendations in the Midwest were based on achieving a specific corn yield goal (if you want so many bushels per acre, apply so much N). This began to change in 2006. As growers consider adopting thes  More...
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If annual bedding plants have even just a few flowers, customers get an idea of what the plant looks like in full bloom, which can increase impulse purchases. However, to be able to deliver to retailers annual bedding pl  More...
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Dado que el agua es un elemento esencial, invernaderos comerciales y operaciones de viveros necesitan mantener el abastecimiento de agua en cantidad y calidad suficiente para producir plantas de manera rentable. Esta pub  More...
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This brochure is a general reference to help greenhouse producers make basic decisions about applying plant growth retardants (PGRs) in greenhouse settings. The full version of this publication, Commercial Greenhouse and  More...
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Controlling plant size is one of the most important aspects of greenhouse crop production. An alternative, effective strategy for controlling plant height is to use chemical plant growth retardants (PGRs). The goals of t  More...
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Because water is so essential, commercial greenhouse and nursery operations need to maintain water supplies of sufficient quantity and quality to produce plant material profitably. This publication is not a comprehensive  More...
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This brochure provides basic information about measuring Daily Light Integrals (DLI) in greenhouses, including DLI requirements for certain crops.

The full version of this publication is available in  More...

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Productores de invernaderos y viveros muchas veces asumen que la presencia de hojas amarillas o pálidas son signos de deficiencias nutricionales. A veces, sin embargo, el problema se debe a la ausencia de nutrientes  More...
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agriculture Statistics Service (USDA-NASS) released the 2007 Census of Agriculture on February 4, 2009. State and federal policy makers, researchers, extension personnel, growe  More...
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El monitoreo del pH y la conductividad eléctrica (CE) de medios de crecimiento nos da la habilidad de corregir este tipo de inconvenientes antes de que se conviertan en problemas que pudieran perjudicar a los cultiv  More...
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En la producción comercial bajo invernadero varias estrategias pueden emplearse para manejar de manera adecuada los niveles de luz a lo largo del día y según las temporadas del año. Esta publicaci  More...
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Growers often do not have a clear understanding of the underlying causes behind increased substrate pH—water alkalinity, rather than water pH, is typically the source of the problem. This publication helps growers  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: SARE-02

Building Soils for Better Crops is a one–of–a–kind, practical guide to ecological soil management, now expanded and in full color. It provides step–by–step information on soil&ndas  More...

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Monitoring the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of growing substrates is a way to correct issues before they become problems that damage crops. This publication recommends best practices for establishing a pH and EC t  More...
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As plans for planting and getting into fields accelerate in spring, preparing ahead for manure application will help to streamline the process, insure proper nutrient application rates to support anticipated crop yields,  More...
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This publication presents research that shows how plant height uniformity influences yield in continuous corn using conservation tillage systems. This publication discusses some real causes of yield loss in no-till corn  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: ID-336
4-page publication explaining the consequences of and compromises involved in planting more corn after corn for ethanol production.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: RW-2-W
Central to septic system performance is soil hydraulic conductivity, or the rate water flows through the soil. This publication focuses on hydraulic conductivity in septic system absorption fields, and its importance in  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: RW-3-W
Shrinking and swelling soils can damage homes, roads, utilities, and septic systems, so it's important to investigate and consider soil characteristics for land use planning. This publication describes the causes of shri  More...
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Monitoring nitrate nitrogen in field drainage tile outlets has important implications for water quality and efficient production agriculture. This publication provides some general guidelines for interpreting nitrate  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-280-W
This guide is a planning tool to help producers develop a residue management program using selected tillage machines  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-269-W
This publication shows corn and soybean producers who use conservation tillage methods how they can estimate and manage crop residue cover.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: WQ-43-W
This publication includes farmer tested monitoring methods for five soil quality indicators that affect field productivity and environmental quality. Methods covered include water infiltration rate, earthworm counts, soi  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-323
This publication presents methods for describing soils and landscapes. Its goal is to foster better communication between soil scientists who write soil and landscape evaluation reports and the environmental specialists  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-322-W

Studies have demonstrated that the nitrogen (N) status of a corn crop can be determined by measuring the nitrate concentrations in the lower portions of cornstalks at the end of the growing season. Evaluation of the t  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-267-W
Outlines the causes or sources of acidity in soils, defines how to measure such acidity, and discusses how to determine soil liming needs and appropriate rates of application. Also discusses quality characteristics of  More...
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This publication describes how to estimate the capacity of 3 types of manure spreaders: liquid tank, V-bottom, and a box.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-281-W
Land is one of a producer's highest-priced assets. To get the most return from your investment, you need to insure adequate fertility. Thus, soil testing should be a key part of your crop production program.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-317-W

Getting the correct amount of Nitrogen needed for optimal corn yields can be difficult. However, using a chlorophyll meter can help determine the amount of Nitrogen a corn plant has been able to accumulate. This publi  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-314-W

Nitrogen fertilizer is essential for profitable corn yields, but is also a major production cost and can contribute to environmental degradation. This publication provides information about soil nitrate tests, collect  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: SSM-4-W
Fundamentals of the construction and function of spraying systems, from simple fixed-rate units to state-of-the-art variable-rate systems.  More...
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Fundamentals of the modulated spraying nozzle control (MSNC) system, a technology which can significantly improve the performance of both new and existing spraying equipment.  More...
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This publication is the guide used to teach soils and land use in high schools and to conduct soil judging contests.

F  More...

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alternate text here Product Code: AY-300-W
This publication provides information about surface drainage, tile drains, and ditches for the soils of Indiana. The publication focuses on three main areas: soil drainage associations, descriptions of soil drainage asso  More...
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This publication covers the hydrological and ecological importance of wet soils. It covers the basic characteristics of wet soils, how they function in their natural state, and how they might react to drainage for agricu  More...
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Using the Quick Check and the Action Plan included in this publication can help determine, and prevent, high risks for possible water contamination associated with pastured animal production. It also includes local organ  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: SSM-2-W
This publication discusses two different site-specific management approaches for the variable rate application of crop production inputs (i.e., fertilizer, pesticides, etc.) and the benefits of each.  More...
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The value of manure in crop production is directly related to how it is managed. There is now the ability to document the amount of manure applied, where and when it was applied, and to avoid application in areas that mi  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: ID-101-W
Manure is no longer a liability; it is an asset to be stored and applied in a way that maximizes nutrient value. Land application of animal manure provides a hedge against the high price of commercial fertilizers. Thi  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-279-W
Earthworms are an important component of many healthy, productive soils; they improve soil porosity and tilth by their feeding, casting, and burrowing activity. Earthworms may be particularly important in no-till or othe  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-215-W
Good decisions about soil and land use can only be made with the right information. AY-215 is a guide to that information, including where to get it and how to use it. AY-215 includes details about the value of soils  More...
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This publication examines types of mycorrhizal fungi and how they are beneficial to tree seedling growth.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-278-W
This publication describes how to estimate the capacity of three types of manure spreaders: liquid tank, V-bottom, and a box.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-238-W
Explains how to determine the relative ability of soils to store the group of nutrients called cations.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-221-W
This publication deals with the scope and nature of soil compaction and its remedies.  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: NCH-46-W
This publication discusses the essential elements, definition, use, soil testing, limitations, and interpretation of plant analysis. Tables are included listing the critical nutrient values or sufficiency ranges for co  More...
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Soil erosion on agricultural land is a significant problem in Indiana. Not only is yield decreased, but sediment (the end product of erosion) is a major source of water pollution. This publication discusses the erosion  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-271-W
This publication contains information on soil types by counties in Indiana, a map of Indiana graphically demonstrating soil parent materials of the 13 regions and considerable discussion on conditions that influence wind  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: AY-239-W
Provides information on micronutrient needs of common Indiana field crops and how to prevent deficiency problems.  More...
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The purpose of this publication is to answer questions concerning types and uses of nitrogen fertilizers for crop production. It is hoped that the information presented will help Hoosier farmers more accurately assess  More...
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alternate text here Product Code: NCH-23
This publication discusses the likely effects of drainage improvements, the yield value of those improvements, the factors determining the economics of drainage, and how to calculate returns to a drainage investment. T  More...
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This leaflet discusses diagnosis, identification, and correction of acid soil problems. Pictures are included of problem plants.  More...
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This publication presents a step-by-step procedure for making miniature monoliths. The information in this publication discusses the materials required and how to properly collect and mount the soil horizon samples.  More...
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